Continuing Tradition

First Peoples

Mary Snow, Paiute, demonstrates the grinding with a metate and mano at the first annual Folklife Festival at Zion National Park Nature Center, September 1977. Courtesy Zion National Park, Photographer Jasper L. Crawford, Museum Catalog Number ZION 9290.

Ruth Benson, Paiute, demonstrates beading and leather work at third Folklife Festival at the Zion National Park Nature Center, September 1979. Courtesy Zion National Park, Photographer Jasper L. Crawford, Museum Catalog Number ZION 13790.

Southern Paiute bands continue many of the traditions of their ancestors. Bands and Tribes still gather and celebrate with music and dance.[1] These dances create opportunities to socialize and engage in traditional practices. They also provide avenues for flirting and courtship.[2]

Gatherings feature a wide variety of activities, such as powwows, pageants, parades, and car shows.[3] These events not only provide entertainment, but also help end hostilities, heal divides, and create a larger shared identity.[4] Some Elders have expressed concern however that gatherings and dances may be losing their spiritual focus for pageantry and fun.[5] Madelan Redfoot remarked, ”if you get into it [the dance] emotionally and spiritually, it gives you the energy that you need...the [cry] song is meant for your emotions to come out. So by the morning, that stress and sorrow is all gone out of you...The energy comes from the people that are singing.”[6] Healers continue to visit the sick in their homes and employ music and dance as key elements of their medicine.[7]

Many people strive to learn the old songs and dances.[8] They perform and share their knowledge with schools, events, families, and for other bands and tribes. The Salt Songs are important religious songs performed with regional variations among different Southern Paiute Bands.[9] The songs describe a journey across the sacred geography of their traditional lands. Fearing that these songs would be lost, the Salt Song Trail Project has worked to preserve the songs and their cultural and religious significance.[10]

Washington County Music and Drama

St. George Opera, undated. From the Douglas Quayle's Utah-Idaho Sugar Company Collection, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, formerly the St. George Opera House. From the Douglas Quayle's Utah-Idaho Sugar Company Collection, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Music and drama were often performed together in operas and musicals. The St. George Opera House replaced the Social Hall as the main location for these events.[11] It was constructed on top of a community wine cellar. The new addition featured a floor that could be raised for dances and lowered for theatrical performances. A local missionary serving in New York bought stage scenery and curtains from a bankrupt opera and shipped them to St. George. The building was used extensively for operas, plays, and dances. St. George Stake Academy and later Dixie College also used the St. George Opera House to stage many of its plays. In 1912, the students put on their first production, “Billee Taylor” to great local acclaim.[12]

A stage with cyclorama curtains was constructed in the Dixie College auditorium in 1925-1926 and became the new home for most college productions.[13] As the population of Washington County grew, larger venues were needed to accommodate theatrical performances. The college eventually constructed new buildings, such as the Graff Fine Arts Building and the Dolores Doré Eccles Fine Arts Center to accommodate this growth.[14] The Cox Auditorium and the accompanying Dixie Center were a major construction collaboration between the college, the county, and local communities.[15]

Wadsworth Theater, undated. From the Juanita Brooks Papers Collection, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Tuacahn, an outdoor amphitheater in Ivins, debuted its first show, “Utah!,” in 1995.[16] In 1999, they began staging popular Broadway shows.[17] Tuacahn became well-known and successful and landed impressive licensing agreements, including becoming one of the first regional theaters to produce Les Misérables in 2008 and the first regional theater outside of Broadway to produce Disney’s Tarzan in 2010. Theatrical performances, particularly musicals, are popular throughout Washington County and are performed by St. George Musical Theater, Hurricane Theatrical, Center for the Arts at Kayenta, and more.[18]

Southern Utah citizens also embraced technological advances in theater. Film became a popular form of entertainment that connected the relatively isolated community with the wider world.[19] The Electric Theater proudly portrayed its showings in newspaper ads throughout the early twentieth century.[20] Another cinema, the Wadsworth Theater on Main Street, was sometimes used by the college to stage live productions.[21] Both the old St. George Opera House and Electric Theater have been renovated and are once again used by St. George City for community art events, screenings, concerts, and plays.[22]

Pirate-Themed Musical Performance at Dixie Junior College, undated. From St. George Community Life 2, cut and spliced by Trevor Cox from 0:07:34 to 0:07:59, Utah Tech Historic Films, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Choir and Symphony

Roene DiFiore plays piano for students singing and clapping at Dixie College, undated. From the Campus Buildings Collection, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Washington County has thrived in other musical endeavors. Roene DiFiore, affectionately referred to as “Mrs. D.,” was a beloved music teacher at Dixie College.[23] Beginning in the 1960s, she headed a student performing group known as the Program Bureau. Her focus was more on “spirit” than academic rigor and appealed to a wide group of students, many who had not previously thought of themselves as musicians. The Program Bureau was a key part of school pep and attracted many new students to the college. The Program Bureau continues at Utah Tech University.[24]

The Southwest Symphony began in St. George in 1980.[25] Filled with devoted local musicians, they perform multiple concerts a year with a variety of themes and often collaborate with popular performers. Another popular community musical organization is the Southern Utah Heritage Choir.[26] Made up of community volunteers, they perform regularly in the St. George Tabernacle and have given performances in Europe, Asia, and Mexico.

Literature

Juanita Brooks receiving honorary PhD from Dr. Reed Farnsworth and Dr. Daryl Chase, President of Utah State University, June 6, 1964. From the Juanita Brooks Papers Collection, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Washington County’s history includes many exceptional writers. The two with the widest impact are likely Juanita Brooks and Maurine Whipple. Juanita Brooks grew up in Bunkerville, Nevada and spent most of her life in Southern Utah. She was an English teacher and Dean of Women at Dixie College. She wrote several important works of Southern Utah history, biography, and folklore. Today, Juanita is best remembered for her book, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, which tackled a highly controversial subject for many Utah citizens. She refused to censor uncomfortable information and was devoted to honest scholarship. Her tenacity inspired contemporary and future historians. The annual Juanita Brooks Lecture is held in her honor.[27]

Maurine Whipple, undated. From the Veda Hale Research Collection. Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

Maurine Whipple is remembered for her historical novel The Giant Joshua, based on fictional characters, and inspired by the trials of early St. George settlement.[28] The book dealt with the emotional struggles of its characters, including loss, religious-doubt, and polygamy. It received national and local acclaim, although some of Whipple’s Latter-day Saint peers struggled with the well-meaning, but highly flawed figures in the book.[29] Maurine was inspired by stories she was told by her grandmother and elderly settlers. Additionally, personal hardships in her own life influenced the emotional struggles experienced by her characters.[30]

Since the 1860s, poetry has consistently remained an important component of Southern Utah literary art. Poetic tradition continues today with two chapters of the Utah State Poetry Society in St. George – The Dixie Poets and the Redrock Writers.[31] Utah Tech University maintains an active literary arts publication, The Southern Quill, that has been running since 1951.[32]

Visual Arts

The following are just a small representation of influential artists that claimed Washington County as home and inspiration. Washington County today continues to support the arts through numerous exhibitions, including the St. George Art Museum,[49] the Sears Art Museum at Utah Tech University,[50] and the annual St. George Art Festival.[51]

For the following image information and credits, click on each image or read "Images" at the bottom of this page.

There was little paid work for professional artists in Southern Utah in its early years. Rising tourism, however, provided an opportunity for some locals to turn art into a profession. William L. Crawford’s family lived at the entrance to Zion National Park. He was an avid photographer who took many of the earliest photographs of Zion National Park and Southern Utah scenery. He and his children sold photographs to tourists to supplement their income.[33]

Angel's Landing - Isaac Loren Covington.jpg

(Isaac) Loren Covington was an early professional painter in Washington County. [34] He began painting at a young age and received additional training at Brigham Young University. He met his wife when he went to paint scenery for a local play in which she was performing. Like William L. Crawford, he supplemented his income by selling paintings of Zion and other local landmarks to tourists.[35] Loren also spent time painting scenery for film studios in California.[36] Later in life, he contributed religious paintings to many Latter-day Saint chapels in the Western United States.[37]

Autumn_Cottonwood_in_Zion_by_Jimmie_F._Jones.tif

Jimmie Jones was an accomplished and influential landscape and portrait painter. He spent his final years in Rockville, near Zion National Park. He grew up in Cedar City and was inspired by Southern Utah’s scenery and monuments. His estate and paintings helped fund the creation of the Southern Utah Museum of Art at Southern Utah University.[38]

Jimmie F. Jones (U.S., 1933 - 2009), Autumn Cottonwood in Zion Canyon, 2009, Oil on linen, 32 x 50 in., Gift of the artist (2009), with additional support from Donald E. and Nelda C. Jones, Collection of Southern Utah Museum of Art (2010.1.3) © Southern Utah University, used with permission.

Roland Lee is an award-winning watercolor painter, known for landscape art. He wrote “I live in Southern Utah because I love the landscape around me. Initially this is what brought me here, and it is still the driving force behind my work.”[39]

Del Parson is well known for portraits and religious paintings that are widely used by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He has taught at Dixie College (now Utah Tech University) for decades.[40]

Daniel Growler, a member of Cedar Band of Paiutes contributed to visual art in Washington County. He created personal artistic interpretations of Paiute stories.[41] His art is featured in public buildings and outdoor murals, including prominently along Santa Clara Drive.[42]

Jerry Anderson created award-winning detailed sculptures that often highlight the Western United States, including many representing the local history and culture.[43] He sculpted the “Rebels” statue that stood outside the Cox Auditorium from 1987 to 2012.[44] He was also a musician in a popular local band, “Easy Country.”[45] In his words, “you need both music and art to make you content through life.”[46]

Anette Everett is another distinguished bronze sculpture artist. Her works are featured in parks and public buildings throughout Washington County. Her artwork often celebrates religion, local history, and motherhood.[47]

Glen Blakley championed the arts in Washington County. He was a well-loved ceramic arts professor at Dixie State University. He was also a founder of the St. George Art Museum and director of the St. George Art Festival. He helped to create an important artistic link between the University and the community and supported art in its varied forms.[48]

Citations

[1] Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, "44th Restoration Gathering and Pow-Wow," accessed September 5, 2024, https://pitu.gov/pow-wow-2024/.

[2] Eleanor Tom, in Southern Paiute: A Portrait, by William L. Heber (Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2010), 78.

[3] Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, "44th Restoration Gathering.”

[4] Patrick Charles, in Southern Paiute, 58.

[5] Madelan Redfoot, in Southern Paiute: A Portrait, 61-62.

[6] Redfoot, in Southern Paiute, 62.

[7] Eunice Tillahash Surveyor, in Southern Paiute, 108-110.

[8] Shanandoah Martineau Anderson, "Interview with Shanan Marineau," interview by Susannah Nilsson, The Santa Clara Historical Society, November 13, 2018, Audio, Utah Tech University Library Digital Collections, https://digital.library.utahtech.edu/items/show/1070.;

Bryce Canyon National Park Service, "Bryce Canyon: American Indian Perspectives," YouTube, Video Recording, June 9, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OL7idgZVFg.

[9] Kim Stringfellow, “Bringing Creation back Together Again: The Salt Songs of the Nuwuvi,” The Mojave Project, June 2020, https://mojaveproject.org/dispatches-item/bringing-creation-back-together-again-the-salt-songs-of-the-nuwuvi/.

[10] "The Salt Song Trail Project," The Cultural Conservancy, accessed September 11, 2024, https://www.nativeland.org/salt-song-trail.

[11] Reed P. Thompson, “Eighty Years of Music in St. George, Utah, 1861-1941” (Master’s Thesis, Brigham Young University, 1952), 98-106, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, also available from BYU Scholars Archive, https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5171/.;

Bob Nicholson, Peggy Child, Joe Stohel, and Roger Roper, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: St. George Social Hall, National Park Service, 1990, Section 8, 1-4, https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/91000360_text.

[12] "Opera a Great Success," Washington County News (St. George, UT), February 29, 1912, 1, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6s4865s.

[13] Robert C. Tuckness, “The History of Theatre at Dixie Junior College,” 26.; "Improvements Planned," The Dixie News (St. George, UT), March 24, 1925, 1, Dixie College, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fc0p86.;

"Graduating Classes Present Gifts," The Dixie News (St. George, UT), May 5, 1925, 1, Dixie College, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69k9xmt.

[14] Jennie Oleen, "Building Comes Down," Dixie Sun (St. George, UT), August 28, 2002, 6, Dixie State College of Utah, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69k9xmt.

[15] Douglas D. Alder, A Century of Dixie State College of Utah (St. George, UT: Dixie State College, 2010), 197-199.

[16] Ivan M. Lincoln, "'Utah!' Debuts in Spectacular Canyon Setting," Deseret News (Salt Lake City), June 23, 1995, https://www.deseret.com/1995/6/23/19178666/utah-debuts-in-spectacular-canyon-setting/.

[17] Lisa Larson, "Our Story," Tuacahn Center for the Arts, last modified 2024, https://www.tuacahn.org/our-story/.

[18] “Theaters and Playhouses in Greater Zion,” Greater Zion, accessed September 9, 2024, https://greaterzion.com/activities/theater/.

[19] The Student Body of St. George Stake Academy, The Dixie (Salt Lake City: Arrow Press, 1913), 81, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, https://digital.library.utahtech.edu/items/show/781#?c=&m=&s=&cv=.

[20] These are too numerous to cite but can be easily discovered by searching ”Electric Theater” in Utah Digital Newspapers (https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/search). Narrow down results to Washington County News.

[21] "Boccaccio, College Opera, Presented," Washington County News (St. George, UT), January 8, 1931, 6, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6698hvx.;

Robert C. Tuckness, “The History of Theatre at Dixie Junior College,” 30.

[22] "Opera House and Social Hall," City of St. George, UT, accessed April 9, 2024, https://www.sgcityutah.gov/business_detail_T18_R20.php.;

"Electric Theater," City of St. George, UT, accessed April 9, 2024, https://www.sgcityutah.gov/business_detail_T18_R21.php.

[23] Douglas D. Alder, A Century of Dixie State College of Utah, 143-145.

[24] Utah Tech University, "Program Bureau," Entertainment Alliance at Utah Tech University, last modified 2024. https://utea.utahtech.edu/program-bureau/.

[25] Southwest Symphony, "History of the Southwest Symphony," last modified 2022, https://www.swsutah.org/history.php.

[26] Southern Utah Heritage Choir, "About Us," last modified 2020, https://www.heritagechoir.org/about-us-1.

[27] Craig S. Smith, “Introduction,” In The Selected Letters of Juanita Brooks (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2019) 1-9.;

Levi S. Peterson, Juanita Brooks: Mormon Woman Historian (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988).;

"Annual Juanita Brooks Lecture Series," Utah Tech University Library, accessed April 9, 2024, https://library.utahtech.edu/special_collections/juanita_brooks.html.

[28] Veda T. "Maurine Whipple and Her Joshua," Lecture, Juanita Brooks Lecture Series, Utah Tech University, St. George, UT, March 12, 2008, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, https://library.utahtech.edu/special_collections/Juanita_Brooks_lectures/2008.pdf.

[29] "Maurine Whipple’s Novel Rated ‘Book of the Month’," Washington County News (St. George, UT), January 2, 1941, 1, Utah Digital Newspapers, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cz4nj4.;

Hale, "Maurine Whipple and Her Joshua.”

[30] Hale, "Maurine Whipple and Her Joshua," 6-13.

[31] Utah State Poetry Society, "Chapters," last modified 2021, https://www.utahpoets.com/chapters/.

[32] Southern Quill, "About Us," Utah Tech University, accessed April 3, 2024, https://www.thesouthernquill.com/staff.

[33] Jasper L. Crawford, "Interview of JL Crawford," by Lyman Hafen, Pioneer Voices of Zion Canyon Oral History Project, National Park Service, April 20, 2004, 11, 70, https://www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/14a03a7d-bed6-454d-a8ea-ca26ffccd22f.;

Janice F Demille and J.L. Crawford, "Generations: William Louis Crawford...Pioneer Photographer," Color Country Spectrum Outlook (St. George, UT), May 7, 1978, 10-11, Microfilm, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

[34] Isaac L. Covington, "Interview with Isaac Loren Covington," by Fielding Harris, Voices of Remembrance Foundation Oral History Collection, January 8, 1970, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives.

[35] Donna L. Poulton and Vern G. Swanson, Painters of Utah's Canyons and Deserts (Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith, 2009), 86.

[36] Covington, "Interview," 21-22.

[37] Covington, "Interview," 30.;

Poulton and Swanson, Painters of Utah's Canyons and Deserts, 87.

[38] James M. Aton, The Art and Life of Jimmie Jones: Landscape Artist of the Canyon Country (Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith, 2015), 11-15.

[39] Roland Lee, "Artist's Statement," rolandlee.com, last modified 2022, https://rolandlee.com/about/.

[40] Del Parson, "Del Parson," by Katherine Morris, Mormon Artist, December 2013, https://mormonartist.net/interviews/del-parson/.

[41] Brian Passey, "Paiute Artist Donates Painting to Shivwits Clinic," The Spectrum (St. George, UT), February 20, 2017, https://www.thespectrum.com/story/life/2017/02/20/paiute-artist-donates-painting-shivwits-clinic/98020032/.

[42] Hollie Stark, "Cedar Band of Paiutes Artist Creates Colorful Mural in Santa Clara," St. George News (St. George, UT), July 7, 2020, https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/life/arts-entertainment/cedar-band-of-paiutes-artist-creates-colorful-mural-in-santa-clara/article_5f2320f5-c2de-57f2-be50-0d4295ce9c48.html.

[43] Jerry Anderson, From Teddies to Grizzlies: The Sculptor Jerry Anderson's Life Story, edited and compiled by Mary A. Wedig (St. George, UT: Jerry Anderson, 2003).

[44] "Dixie State, Sculptor Agree on Future of 'The Rebels' Statue," St. George News (St. George, UT), January 13, 2015, https://archives.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2015/01/13/dixie-state-sculptor-agree-on-future-of-the-rebels-statue/.

[45] Doug Liston, H. C. Hunt, Kay Hunt, and Carol Liston, Musicians of Southern Utah, 31.;

Jerry Anderson and Fawn Anderson, by Alene A. Cuff, "We All Came to Dixie," in Dixie Pioneers and Story Tellers Oral History Collection. St. George, UT: Dixie State College of Utah Library, 2000. Transcribed Lecture. Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, 18-19.

[46] Jerry Anderson, From Teddies to Grizzlies, 97.

[47] "About the Artist," and “Selected Works,” Annette Everett – Sculptor, last modified 2023, https://www.annette-everett.com/about/.

[48] "Glen B. Blakley," St. George News (St. George, UT), January 7, 2021, https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2021/01/07/glen-b-blakley/.

[49] "Art Museum," City of St. George, UT, accessed April 9, 2024, https://www.sgcityutah.gov/activity/arts___culture/art_museum/index.php.

[50] Sears Art Museum, "About Us Utah Tech University Sears Art Museum," Utah Tech University, last updated 2024, https://www.searsart.com/.

[51] St. George Art Festival, "History," City of St. George, UT, accessed April 9, 2024, https://www.sgartfestival.com/history/.

Images and Video

Jerry Anderson, Ancient Artisan, 1990, displayed Dolore Dore Eccles Fine Arts Center, UT Permanent Art Collection, Utah Tech University, used by permission.

Glen B. Blakley, Two-toned Brown Pot with Birds, Blue Green Pot, and Ovoid Green Pot with Blue and Gold, displayed on the third floor of the Holland Centennial Commons, Utah Tech University.

Isaac Loren Covington, Angel's Landing, McQuarrie Memorial Museum, Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 8000.C.Covington Isaac L, used by permission, https://dupstgeorge.pastperfectonline.com/archive/61ECC6C9-8DEB-45E9-A01F-838789206155.

Jasper L. Crawford, Mary Snow, Paiute, Demonstrates the Grinding with a Metate and Mano at the First Annual Folklife Festival at Zion National Park Nature Center, September 1977, Zion National Park Museum and Archives, Image Series 501.04 - Folk Life Festival, Museum Catalog Number ZION 9290, NPGallery Digital Asset Management System, https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/87ef397c-0aea-4c39-a460-662b20141172.

Jasper L. Crawford, Ruth Benson, Paiute, demonstrates beading and leather work at third Folklife Festival at the Zion National Park Nature Center, September 1979, Zion National Park Museum and Archives, Image Series 501.04 - Folk Life Festival, Museum Catalog Number ZION 13790, NPGallery Digital Asset Management System, https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/a4f953da-f924-47d0-bf95-94aef481189a.

William Louis Crawford, Crawford, William Louis as Sheepherder, Barbara A. Matheson Special Collections, Sherrat Library, Southern Utah University, Crawford Family, Zion National Park Collection, used with permission, https://contentdm.li.suu.edu/digital/collection/crawford/id/2756/rec/118.

Anette Everett, The World Is Mine, 2013, displayed on the third floor of the Holland Centennial Commons, Utah Tech University, used by permission.

Jimmie F. Jones (U.S., 1933 - 2009), Autumn Cottonwood in Zion Canyon, 2009, Oil on linen, 32 x 50 in., Gift of the artist (2009), with additional support from Donald E. and Nelda C. Jones, Collection of Southern Utah Museum of Art (2010.1.3) © Southern Utah University, used with permission.

Juanita Brooks Receiving Honorary PhD, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Juanita Brooks Papers Collection, Photographs, 1861-1951, undated, Juanita Brooks receiving honorary PhD, 1964-06-06, WASH-018, Box 4, Folder 16, P018-031, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/27.

Roland Lee, Good Morning Dixie, Roland Lee Gallery, used by permission, https://rolandlee.com/artwork/good-morning-dixie/.

Maurine Whipple, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Veda Hale Research Collection, 1980s, Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1980-1986, Wash-018, Box 4, Folder 18, P018-055, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/36.

Del Parson, Birth of Jesus, Del Parson Fine Art, used by permission, https://delparson.com/shop/prints/christ/birth-of-jesus/.

Hollie Reina, image from "Cedar Band of Paiutes Artist Creates Colorful Mural in Santa Clara" by Hollie Stark, St. George News (St. George, UT), July 7, 2020, image taken June 22, 2020, https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/life/arts-entertainment/cedar-band-of-paiutes-artist-creates-colorful-mural-in-santa-clara/article_5f2320f5-c2de-57f2-be50-0d4295ce9c48.html.

Roene DiFiore Playing Piano, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Campus Buildings Collection, Maurine Whipple Photographs, 1880-2009. Negatives, Undated, Wash-027, Box 5, Folder 31, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/27.

"St. George Community Life 2," Utah Tech University Library Digital Collections, Utah Tech Historic Films, 0:07:34 - 0:07:59, https://digital.library.utahtech.edu/items/show/1212.

St. George Opera House, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Douglas Quayle's Utah-Idaho Sugar Company Collection, Photos and Explanatory Letters from Ron Taylor and T. Oreel, 1968-1971, WASH-053, Box 3, Folder 5, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/123.

Utah-Idaho Sugar Co, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Douglas Quayle's Utah-Idaho Sugar Company Collection, Photos and Explanatory Letters from Ron Taylor and T. Oreel, 1968-1971, WASH-039, Box 1, Folder 13, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/52.

Wadsworth Theater, Utah Tech University Special Collections and Archives, Juanita Brooks Papers Collection, Men and Car in Front of Wadsworth Theater in Saint George, 1927-1949, Wash-018, Box 4, Folder 18, P018-055, https://archives.utahtech.edu/repositories/2/resources/27.